In the Media

Israel at 62: Failed State in the making

Brunei Times, Bandar Seri Begawan
a25 Apr 2010

Publication available upon request

More by Taub Center Experts

• Prof. Eran Yashiv on London & Kirshenbaum on the budget a10 Jun 2013
• The OECD’s latest report deals with poverty and inequality in Israel and cites Taub Center researchers a4 Jun 2013
• Jailing Debtors a27 May 2013
• Column on the new budget by Prof. Eran Yashiv, Taub Center’s head of Economic Policy Program a19 May 2013
• Knesset Channel interview with deputy director of the Taub Center and head of the Labor Policy Program, Prof. Ayal Kimhi on the middle class and the state budget a19 May 2013
• Nachum Blass, TC researcher, on London & Kirsenbaum on core studies for Haredim a25 Apr 2013
• Prof. Dan Ben-David presented the State of the Nation Report to President Shimon Peres a25 Apr 2013
• Israel’s population: deceptively young a13 Mar 2013
• Privatization of social services in Israel a13 Mar 2013
• Gridlock on the roads and in Israel’s priorities a13 Mar 2013
• Read the complete Spring 2013 Bulletin a13 Mar 2013
• Senior TC researcher Nachum Blass will speak at Herzliya Conference a7 Mar 2013
• We’re in a smoke screen and Let’s talk about salaries part II a1 Mar 2013
• Where are we heading? A look at Israel’s macro socio-economic situation a28 Feb 2013
• Let’s talk about salaries a22 Feb 2013
• Remaining a ‘Start-up Nation’ a20 Feb 2013
• Behind Israel’s middle class protest – not just a gut feeling a2 Dec 2012
• Arab Israeli unemployment much higher than previously thought a2 Dec 2012
• Running on empty a2 Dec 2012
• Read the complete Winter 2012 Bulletin a2 Dec 2012
• Taub Center Health Conference: Supplemental insurance system in Israel in need of reform – coming soon a22 Nov 2012
• Taub Center’s Health Conference a12 Nov 2012
• Haredi employment rates similar to Israelis who didn’t complete elementary school a12 Nov 2012
• Haredi employment rates similar to those of Israelis who did not complete elementary school a12 Nov 2012
• Taub Center conference on the implementation of universal public preschool education a1 Nov 2012
• A new Taub Center study on the implementation of universal public preschool education in Israel a31 Oct 2012
• Taub Center appoints new spokesperson a22 Oct 2012
• Tax evasion should be dealt with a18 Oct 2012
• Discrimination against Arab women a12 Oct 2012
• Arab unemployment higher than previously thought a10 Oct 2012
• Arab Israeli unemployment much higher than previously thought a9 Oct 2012
• Prof. Dan Ben-David is once again named in Israel’s “100 most influential people” list a21 Sep 2012
• Eran Yashiv: On low productivity and poverty (in Hebrew) a11 Sep 2012
• Magic circles of low productivity and poverty a10 Sep 2012
• Price of gasoline in Israel is higher than most western countries: Dan Ben-David on Channel 2 morning show a2 Sep 2012
• New Taub Center study: the price of gasoline in Israel is higher than in 18 of 21 other Western countries a29 Aug 2012
• Study: Price of gasoline is one of the highest in the OECD “due to taxes” a29 Aug 2012
• Israeli mentality harms reform a22 Aug 2012
• The state of public preschool education in Israel a21 Aug 2012
• Israeli single mothers – smaller in number and poorer in income a21 Aug 2012
• Bumps on the road towards making the desert bloom a21 Aug 2012
• Read the complete Summer 2012 Bulletin a21 Aug 2012
• Dov Chernichovsky named chairman of Nutritional Security Council (in Hebrew) a20 Aug 2012
• New study: “income tax changes will strengthen the middle class” a19 Aug 2012
• Study: Income tax increase will reduce inequality a19 Aug 2012
• A new Taub Center study finds that recent changes in Israeli income tax rates will reduce income distribution inequality and lead to a slight improvement in the relative status of the middle class a15 Aug 2012
• Taub Center study provides an overview of pre-primary education in Israel and finds that lowering the age for compulsory education from 5 to 3 would cost approximately NIS 1.4 billion annually a18 Jul 2012
• The Taub Center has published a comprehensive survey and analysis of the water economy in Israel by Professor Yoav Kislev a23 May 2012
• Joint Taub Conference Welcome, April 2012 a17 May 2012
• Dan Ben-David: Introductory Remarks, Taub Conference, April 2012 a17 May 2012
• Eran Yashiv: The Israeli Economy a17 May 2012
• Ayal Kimhi: Employment & Wage Gaps in Israel a17 May 2012
• Yossi Shavit: Does the Protest Generation Have Cause to Complain? a17 May 2012
• Q&A Part I, Taub Conference, April 2012 a17 May 2012
• Michal Koreh: Hidden Dimensions of Welfare State Retrenchment a17 May 2012
• Michael Shalev: States, Classes & Challenges to Neo-Liberalism a17 May 2012
• Dov Chernichovsky: The “Americanization” of the Israeli Healthcare System a17 May 2012
• Q&A Part II – Taub Conference, April 2012 a17 May 2012
• Dan Ben-David: Israel’s Social Protests a17 May 2012
• What’s next for capitalism? Dan Ben-David speaks on panel a2 Feb 2012
• A macro perspective of Israel’s society and economy a25 Jan 2012
• A macro perspective on the economy and society in Israel a19 Jan 2012
• The land of (expensive) milk and honey a28 Dec 2011
• Employment patterns differ between generations, and depend on gender and education a28 Dec 2011
• Israel’s shadow economy a28 Dec 2011
• Read the complete December 2011 Bulletin a28 Dec 2011
• The complete set of 2010 budget tables a8 Dec 2011
• Social Services Expenditures 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• Social Services Expenditure by Main Component 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• Per Capita Social Service Expenditure 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• Social Services Expenditures by Main Component in Percent 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• Income Support Expenditure 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• Expenditure on Health 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• Expenditure on Education 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• Government Expenditure 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• Development Budget 2010 a8 Dec 2011
• VIDEO: Dan Ben-David presents Education Roadmap a22 Nov 2011
• Eric Hanushek joins Advisory Council a22 Nov 2011
• JPost Editorial supports Taub Center Education Roadmap a22 Nov 2011
• New Policy Paper: Regulation of Welfare Services a22 Nov 2011
• “From Today Until Tomorrow”: An education roadmap for Israel a20 Nov 2011
• 7 Billion: Ayal Kimhi on demographics and world resources a3 Nov 2011
• International Conference on the Socioeconomic Impact of Education a6 Sep 2011
• Read the complete September 2011 Bulletin a6 Sep 2011
• Business: Israel Economic Protests – Prof. Dan Ben-David a5 Sep 2011
• Channel 2 News: Ultra-Orthodox society – This is how it looks from inside a4 Sep 2011
• Taub Center experts present to the Trajtenberg Committee – Part 1 a31 Aug 2011
• Taub Center experts present to the Trajtenberg Committee – Part 2 a31 Aug 2011
• Prof. Ayal Kimhi, Taub Center Deputy Director, on the price of milk a27 Aug 2011
• Dov Chernichovsky, Chair, Taub Center Health Policy Program a22 Aug 2011
• Prof. Dan Ben-David speaking at the social protests – Part 1 a21 Aug 2011
• Prof. Dan Ben-David speaking at the social protests – Part 2 a21 Aug 2011
• Prof. Dan Ben-David speaking at the social protests – Part 3 a21 Aug 2011
• Prof. Dan Ben-David speaking at the social protests – Part 4 a21 Aug 2011
• Prof. Dan Ben-David, Executive Director of the Taub Center, on the social protests a21 Aug 2011
• In another 30 years the secular community will be a minority a5 May 2011
• Chairman of the Board 1994 to 2005 a31 Mar 2011
• Taub Center: Gaps in matriculation certification in Israel a29 Mar 2011
• Female high school matriculation rates pulling away from the males a29 Mar 2011
• Dental care in Israel – still out of bounds a29 Mar 2011
• Natural gas has led to a natural debate a29 Mar 2011
• In Memoriam: Dr. Israel Katz a29 Mar 2011
• Read the complete March 2011 Bulletin a29 Mar 2011
• Changes in healthcare system allocation to promote equality between the Center and the periphery. Is it for real? a15 Mar 2011
• Higher Education, Less Employment Inequality a30 Jan 2011
• Fewer Vehicles Per Capita; Much Greater Road Congestion a30 Jan 2011
• Foreign Workers Displacing Less Educated Israelis a30 Jan 2011
• A 16.7% Jump in the Taub Index of Social Confidence for 2010 a30 Jan 2011
• Read the complete January 2011 Bulletin a30 Jan 2011
• Taub Index: Surprising rise of 16.7% in the feelings of social confidence in 2010 a4 Jan 2011
• The “Americanization” of Healthcare Financing in Israel a30 Nov 2010
• Teach Your Children Well a30 Nov 2010
• Have a Good – and Expensive – Trip a30 Nov 2010
• Read the complete November 2010 Bulletin a30 Nov 2010
• Wage gaps in Israel are high compared to all other Western countries (except the US) and continue to rise a8 Nov 2010
• How Healthy? a21 Sep 2010
• Trends in Welfare Benefits and Services a21 Sep 2010
• Mind the Gap: An Inside Look at Israel’s Education System a21 Sep 2010
• Read the complete September 2010 Bulletin a21 Sep 2010
• A not very secular shift a4 Aug 2010
• Yeshiva student Supreme Court case: Big principles, small change a16 Jun 2010
• “It is not enough to stop the cash flow – we also need to train Haredim for work” a15 Jun 2010
• The Haredi triumph is not ensured a14 Jun 2010
• Israel’s Domestic Ticking Time Bomb a13 Jun 2010
• Guest column: After the flotilla, a sinking ship a11 Jun 2010
• Employment of haredim: It is possible to solve the problem a7 Jun 2010
• Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor against the Taub Report: Employment of haredim is rising a7 Jun 2010
• The Plan: Raise the rate of Haredi workers to 63% a6 Jun 2010
• Taking stock: Behind the smoke screen a3 Jun 2010
• Ben-David is still trying a3 Jun 2010
• Minimum wage hike for the young, negative income tax for the old a2 Jun 2010
• Star Potential a28 May 2010
• Unemployment versus non-employment in Israel a27 May 2010
• Increase in male non-employment over past three decades a27 May 2010
• Decrease in female non-employment over past three decades a27 May 2010
• A demographic look ahead at Israel a27 May 2010
• Read the complete Bulletin a27 May 2010
• Dental health: The Burden on Households and Implications for National Health Insurance a26 May 2010
• Taub Center economist: Dental care subsidies required a26 May 2010
• Mixing Torah and flour a23 May 2010
• Secular Israel senses threat in rise of the ultra-orthodox a22 May 2010
• Israel’s volcano that is waiting to erupt a21 May 2010
• Das Start-Up-Land a20 May 2010
• Steinitz: Exempt 23 year old haredim from military service if they go out to work a16 May 2010
• Economic experts curb the enthusiasm: The OECD has no impact a14 May 2010
• Bright flight a12 May 2010
• OECD membership will increase emphasis on social issues a12 May 2010
• Strong economy, admirable hi tech a11 May 2010
• Red flag for education a11 May 2010
• Was the joy at OECD membership premature? a11 May 2010
• Welfare system could cause Israel to collapse, economist warns a10 May 2010
• Reality check: There she is a10 May 2010
• Incitement against the haredim continues a9 May 2010
• Helping haredim find work a8 May 2010
• If the crisis reaches Spain or Italy it could have an effect also on Israel a7 May 2010
• Media matters: Blacking out Zionism? a7 May 2010
• This week: Counting down a6 May 2010
• Incitement works, the seculars don’t a5 May 2010
• Haredi MKs rail against TA mayor’s comments a3 May 2010
• Letter to my haredi friend a1 May 2010
• Welfare-to-work plan killed off with nothing to replace it a30 Apr 2010
• What would Herzl do? a28 Apr 2010
• The rotten deal 2: Finance Committee chair Gafni demands 250 million shekel increase in Yeshiva budget without debate a28 Apr 2010
• Gov’t figures reveal drastic drop in number of returning Israelis a27 Apr 2010
• Go to work: Wanted: Social pressure a26 Apr 2010
• Israel at 62: Failed State in the making a25 Apr 2010
• The idea was to use the crisis to strengthen the economy a23 Apr 2010
• The collapse of religious Zionism a21 Apr 2010
• Complete Data Set a18 Apr 2010
• Taub Center scape goats a17 Apr 2010
• Unemployment: Israel’s other existential threat a16 Apr 2010
• The danger is clear and now a15 Apr 2010
• Israel’s economy is headed for disaster a15 Apr 2010
• Israel will have to choose between cruel cuts or economic collapse a14 Apr 2010
• Taub Report: Jump in Haredi nonemployment, non-religious schools bleak future a14 Apr 2010
• Percent of non-working Haredi men tripled in space of 30 years a14 Apr 2010
• Government Expenditure on Social Services a14 Apr 2010
• Development Budget a14 Apr 2010
• Expenditure on Health a14 Apr 2010
• Expenditure on Education a14 Apr 2010
• Income Support Expenditure a14 Apr 2010
• Social Services Expenditures by Main Component in Percent a14 Apr 2010
• Per Capita Social Services Expenditure a14 Apr 2010
• Social Services Expenditure by Main Component a14 Apr 2010
• Social Services Expenditures a14 Apr 2010
• Government Expenditure a14 Apr 2010
• Non-employment amongst Haredi men has risen by 200% in 3 decades a13 Apr 2010
• Non-employment amongst Haredi men rose by 3 times a13 Apr 2010
• Taub report: Economy faces existential problems a13 Apr 2010
• Taub Center: Non-employment amongst ultra-Orthodox men has risen by 200% during the last 30 years a13 Apr 2010
• 2040: 78% of all students will be either Haredi or Arab a13 Apr 2010
• G-d Bless the unemployed: Nonemployment rates amongst Haredi men grew by 200% in 3 decades a13 Apr 2010
• The unemployment rate amongst Haredim has risen three-fold in 3 decades a13 Apr 2010
• Deteriorating education and increased allowances have raised the rate of unemployment amongst Haredim by 200% in the last 3 decades a13 Apr 2010
• Taub Center: Israel’s economy will find it difficult to exist a13 Apr 2010
• Downhill by the numbers a9 Apr 2010
• National Dental Insurance would save State money in the long-term, researchers say a8 Apr 2010
• Salaries are making the best minds leave Israeli academia a20 Mar 2010
• There is going to be a catastrophe here a12 Mar 2010
• Israel should set a target of at least 5% growth a1 Mar 2010
• Meet the Press a20 Feb 2010
• Israel’s home-grown danger a15 Feb 2010
• Deputy Health Minister: Free dental care for children and the elderly a2 Feb 2010
• Breaking Israel’s academic stranglehold a22 Jan 2010
• Inequality in Education a19 Jan 2010
• Despite affirmative action in the education system – inequalities persist a18 Jan 2010
• Dan Ben-David: Transfer allowances for the prevention of poverty have grown in the last forty years more than 5 times more than the standard of living a12 Jan 2010
• Losing our minds a7 Jan 2010
• Lighten burden on working population a6 Jan 2010
• The Education system: how did we get here? a5 Jan 2010
• Netanyahu does endorse two states for two people a5 Jan 2010
• Aliyah won’t stop Israel from sinking a4 Jan 2010
• Why is pupil achievement so low? a3 Jan 2010
• Last chance to remove the weight from the shoulders of the secular community a3 Jan 2010
• The worst threat of all a26 Dec 2009
• Educational gaps – the highest in the West a21 Dec 2009
• Opinion column – Yossi Sarid a21 Dec 2009
• Study: Pupil achievement in Israel – the lowest in the West a20 Dec 2009
• Israeli pupilss achievements: At the bottom of the West a20 Dec 2009
• Israel becoming patent hub a17 Dec 2009
• Israeli students falling behind developed world a12 Dec 2009
• London and Kirschenbaum: Prof. Dan Ben-David, Taub Center economist – Growth rates and the economic situation as well as the situation in higher education in Israel a10 Dec 2009
• One more worry a9 Dec 2009
• Still Waiting for a Miracle a5 Dec 2009
• We need to move up: the standard of living in Israel is ranked in 38th place in the world a5 Dec 2009
• Poverty has grown by 6% a1 Dec 2009
• Taub Center: Welfare assistance per capita has risen five-fold over the past four decades – while average incomes per capita in Israel doubled during this period a29 Nov 2009
• Profit – Loss a27 Nov 2009
• JDC-Supported Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel appoints top economist and educator as new director a25 Nov 2009
• How to increase employment a18 Nov 2009
• More patents for Israelis in America than for the G-7 countries a17 Nov 2009
• Israel top patent producer in Western world a16 Nov 2009
• Israel leads the West in the brain drain a26 Oct 2009
• Weaker socio-economic classes don’t use their rights to benefits a20 Oct 2009
• A Nobel for negligence a13 Oct 2009
• I exist, therefore I can be privatized a12 Oct 2009
• Protest: The shortage of doctors in the South is leading to mortality a11 Oct 2009
• Academic vision and nightmare a9 Oct 2009
• London and Kirschenbaum: Prof. Dov Chernichovsky presents the headed discussion in the US: The battle over health reform a14 Sep 2009
• During an entire decade, the achievements of Israel’s children in international exams were the lowest in the west while its educational gaps were the highest a12 Sep 2009
• e-Bulletin, Volume 1, Number 4 a6 Sep 2009
• Study: Arab, haredi schools growing in number a30 Aug 2009
• Study: 48% of pupils are Arab, haredi a30 Aug 2009
• Sa’ar’s plan: Compensate schools according to enlistment rates, academic achievement and Zionist education a27 Aug 2009
• At long last the poor will also get dental care a15 Aug 2009
• Education budget: Where does 30 billion shekel go? a13 Aug 2009
• A hole in your tooth, a hole in your pocket a9 Jul 2009
• e-Bulletin, Volume 1, Number 3 a5 Jun 2009
• ISRAEL: Social-Economic Review 2008 a10 May 2009
• Report to the New Government a10 May 2009
• Why didn’t planners worry about the country for a change? a8 May 2009
• Taub Center: Israel’s welfare services are in serious distress a30 Apr 2009
• The middle class is feeling poor a28 Apr 2009
• The crisis hit the upper class hard, what about the poor? a28 Apr 2009
• The social services are so overwhelmed that they do not reach the populations in need a26 Apr 2009
• G7 unemployment rates eclipsing Israel’s a26 Apr 2009
• Taub Center survey shows Israelis willing to pay higher taxes to improve education a26 Apr 2009
• Recession hitting Israel’s exports hard compared to G7 a26 Apr 2009
• The crisis hit the upper class hard, what about the poor? a19 Apr 2009
• Flat prices have made the index jump a16 Apr 2009
• The wheel has changed direction: after 30 years – the economic crisis has brought the rich closer to the poor a14 Apr 2009
• Who will guide the education system? a13 Apr 2009
• Required: an urgent switch in the national mindset with regard to setting priorities, planning and budgeting a8 Apr 2009
• e-Bulletin, Volume 1, Number 2 a5 Apr 2009
• The guidebook for saving the homeland: Experts advise the Ministers a31 Mar 2009
• What will be with the Israeli economy? a27 Mar 2009
• Report: Investment in social services is declining a18 Mar 2009
• The recession is deepening: unemployment rates in Israel rose in January to 6.8%; in February 17,830 workers were let go a18 Mar 2009
• Annual Social Economic Report a18 Mar 2009
• Reversing the Brain Drain a14 Mar 2009
• e-Bulletin, Volume 1, Number 1 a5 Mar 2009
• An educated opinion a24 Jan 2009
• The Brain Drain: Israel leads in the flow of academics to foreign universities a23 Jan 2009
• JDC-supported Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel appoints top economist and educator as new director a3 Nov 2008
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader 2008 a2 Nov 2008
• Social Economic UPDATE XIV a31 Aug 2008
• The Taub Index of Social Confidence a2 Jun 2008
• Social Economic UPDATE XIII a21 May 2008
• Class Size Reduction Reform: Budgetary and Educational Implications a10 Apr 2008
• The Public Supervision of Sick Funds in Israel a17 Mar 2008
• Social Economic UPDATE XII a14 Feb 2008
• Health System Financing in Israel 1995-2005: Aspects of Poverty, Progressivity and Cost Containment a21 Jan 2008
• Taub Center Annual Report Presented to the President of Israel a24 Dec 2007
• ISRAEL: Social-Economic Review 2007 a10 Dec 2007
• Social Economic UPDATE XI a28 Nov 2007
• Government Expenditure on Social Services a4 Nov 2007
• Growing Inequalities in the Health Services a10 Oct 2007
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader 2007 a3 Oct 2007
• Oral and Dental Health – The Responsibility of the State towards Its Citizens a6 Sep 2007
• Social Economic UPDATE X a8 Aug 2007
• Taub Center International Conference: Social Policy – Vision and Reality a7 Jun 2007
• Health Inequality in Israel a5 Jun 2007
• Taub Index of Social Confidence a4 Jun 2007
• Social Economic UPDATE IX a8 May 2007
• Social Economic UPDATE VIII a8 Feb 2007
• ISRAEL: Social-Economic Review 2006 a10 Dec 2006
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader 2006 a3 Dec 2006
• Social Economic UPDATE VII a15 Nov 2006
• Special UPDATE July 2006 a16 Oct 2006
• Government Social Expenditure – 2006 a7 Oct 2006
• After the War a3 Sep 2006
• Lateral Mobility of Students within the Israeli Educational System: Transfers between the Various Education Networks a28 Aug 2006
• Social Economic UPDATE VI a16 Jul 2006
• Social Economic UPDATE V a10 Apr 2006
• Social Economic UPDATE IV a29 Jan 2006
• ISRAEL: Social-Economic Review 2005 a10 Dec 2005
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader 2005 a8 Dec 2005
• Social Economic UPDATE III a16 Oct 2005
• Social Economic UPDATE II a26 Jul 2005
• Court Ruling Determinants of Health Policy and The Judicial System’s Influence in Shaping Health Policy a25 May 2005
• Social Economic UPDATE I a18 Apr 2005
• The Judicial System’s Influence in Shaping Health Policy a21 Feb 2005
• Israel’s Social Services 2004 a22 Dec 2004
• Employment, Unemployment and Welfare Policy a19 Dec 2004
• The Erosion of Low Salaries and Increasing Poverty among Working Families a12 Dec 2004
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader 2004 a2 Dec 2004
• Welfare Policy for Children and Youth a13 Jul 2004
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader 2003 (revised) a2 May 2004
• Issues in Social Economic Policy a2 Apr 2004
• The Welfare State in the 21st Century a2 Mar 2004
• Israel’s Social Services 2003 a25 Nov 2003
• 2003 Social Survey a6 Aug 2003
• The Capitation Mechanism and the Public Allocation to Health Services in Israel a22 Jul 2003
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader 2003 a2 Mar 2003
• ISRAEL: Social-Economic Review a25 Oct 2002
• Making the Bedouin Towns Work a25 Jul 2002
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader 2002 a25 Feb 2002
• ISRAEL: Social-Economic Review a25 Jun 2001
• Israel: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader (2000) a24 Feb 2000
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader (1999) a24 Dec 1999
• ISRAEL: Fast Facts for the Busy Reader (1998) a2 Oct 1998
• Policy towards External Schools a24 Nov 1997
• Trends in Special Education in Israel: An International Perspective a24 Nov 1997
• Special Collection from Michael Miro’s Radio Program a14 Jan 1997
• Resource Allocation for Social Services, 1996: Current Social Policy and Goals for the Twenty-First Century a23 Jul 1996
• Special Collection from Michael Miro’s Radio Program a14 Jul 1995
• Matriculation-Examination Policy a21 Feb 1995
• Resource Allocation for Social Services a21 Feb 1995
• Policy on Development of Colleges in Israel a21 Feb 1994
• Alternatives for Policy on Matriculation Examinations – Guidelines a21 Feb 1994
• Taxation of Nonprofit Organizations – International Comparison a21 Oct 1991
• Israel’s Social Services 1985-1986 a17 Jul 1986